Damian Sawicki

Malta's Protection of the Whistleblower Act gives no cover to anonymous reports, demands internal reporting first, and lets no court name the whistleblower.

Cyprus Law 6(I)/2022 protects reports of national-law breaches and corruption, halves sentences for cooperators, and jails retaliators for up to three years.

Luxembourg's loi du 16 mai 2023 set up a central Office des signalements under the Justice Ministry and lets regulators fine firms up to 250,000 euros.

Slovenia's whistleblower law, the ZZPri, routes external reports through the Commission for the Prevention of Corruption and fines retaliation up to €60,000.

Romania's Law 361/2022 sends whistleblower reports to the National Integrity Agency (ANI), caps fines at 40,000 lei, and only passed on a second attempt.

Portugal's whistleblower law, Lei 93/2021, reaches past EU rules into organised crime, fines firms up to €250,000, and presumes retaliation for two years.

Lithuania's whistleblower law routes reports to the Prosecutor General's Office, pays uncapped rewards for valuable tips, and fines retaliation up to €4,000.

Latvia's whistleblower law lets you report any public-interest breach to KNAB, pseudonymizes your identity, and clears you of all civil and criminal liability.

Penalise a whistleblower and the fine can reach 250,000 euros, a dismissed worker can win up to five years' pay, and a dedicated Commissioner routes reports.

Greece's whistleblower law routes external reports to the National Transparency Authority, with company fines up to 500,000 euros and prison for false reports.

Croatia's whistleblower law routes external reports to the People's Ombudsman and, after a 2025 reform, fines firms up to 100,000 euros for blocking one.

Bulgaria's data-protection commission runs the external whistleblower channel, bars anonymous reports, and fines firms up to 20,000 leva for skipping one.

Hungary's whistleblower law, Act XXV of 2023, lets a whistleblower-protection lawyer run the internal channel and sets no fine for failing to build it.

Estonia's whistleblower law arrived years late, after the Commission took it to court. It fines employers up to €100,000, via the Police and Border Guard Board.

Slovakia's whistleblower law runs through an independent Office that must approve any dismissal and can reward reporters with up to 50 times the minimum wage. Now the government wants it gone.

Beyond EU breaches, the Czech law covers any administrative offence fined at 100,000 CZK or more, and the Ministry of Justice runs a reporting channel of its own.

Break a confidentiality duty to expose wrongdoing and you cannot be held liable, but the tip-off only counts if the public has a real interest in it.

Firms running a Decree 231 compliance model must fold the reporting channel into it, and ANAC can fine breaches up to 50,000 euros.

Instead of scattering reports across agencies, one central channel at the Office of the Chancellor of Justice serves the whole country.

It was the first EU country to transpose the directive, and its Data Protection Agency, not a labour body, runs the external reporting channel.

Block a report or retaliate and you risk prison, six months to three years, plus a fine. The scope even reaches tax fraud and social fraud.

External reports go to the federal anti-corruption bureau, fines climb to 40,000 euros on a repeat, and there is no duty to handle anonymous tips.

A dedicated House for Whistleblowers investigates reports and advises workers, and with fines not yet switched on, it is where enforcement happens.

Dismiss a worker for a protected disclosure and the tribunal payout has no upper limit, and almost every worker is protected from day one, no service needed.

Report fraud and you might get paid: the SEC has handed out over 1.9 billion dollars, including a single record award of nearly 279 million.

Break the rules and a person faces a 50,000 euro fine, while a company can be hit for up to 500,000 through a back-door provision in the OWiG.

Among Europe's most protective: report straight to the outside, skip your employer, and keep immunity even for the documents you took to prove it.

Botch a whistleblower case and fines can reach one million euros. Anonymous reports are allowed, and a dedicated state authority stands behind them.

Poland's Whistleblower Act took effect on September 25, 2024. Learn which employers must comply, the required internal reporting procedure, and the rules.

The UK's Public Interest Disclosure Act turns 27 amid a reform crunch: a bill to replace it, court rulings expanding claims, and wider protected disclosures.

Whistleblowing in schools is different from other workplaces. Learn the legal duties, real retaliation cases, and how anonymous reporting cuts violence.

Being an employer involves many obligations. Learn what to do when you receive your first whistleblower report and how to handle it legally and humanely.

Drafting a whistleblowing procedure is not enough. Learn how the EU Directive requires you to consult, adopt, communicate, and enforce it, plus the penalties.

The EU Whistleblower Directive now bites: million-euro CJEU fines on late Member States, personal liability for managers and a reversed burden of proof.

What internal whistleblower reporting procedures does the EU Whistleblower Directive require, and how can you adopt them? Download our free draft regulations.

ISO 37002 is the guide to a trustworthy whistleblowing system: its three pillars, its four-step process, and how it fills the gaps the EU Directive leaves.

When whistleblowers go external or public instead of reporting internally, the EU Whistleblower Directive sets three tiers that decide if they stay protected.

When a whistleblower keeps filing the same concern, the response usually needs work, not the report. Treat each as new and meet the Article 9 deadlines.

Article 23 of the EU Whistleblowing Directive sets the penalties for retaliation and confidentiality breaches, including personal liability for managers.

All 27 EU states have transposed the Whistleblower Directive, the Court fined five for arriving late, and a 2026 review could reshape who must comply.

What a whistleblower really is, why legal protection matters more than anonymity, the three reporting tiers, famous cases, and how laws evolved since 1912.